Drop the Hierarchy and Roles: How Self-Organizing LLM Agents Outperform Designed Structures

arXiv:2603.28990v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: How much autonomy can multi-agent LLM systems sustain -- and what enables it? We present a 25,000-task computational experiment spanning 8 models, 4--256 agents, and 8 coordination protocols ranging from externally imposed hierarchy to emergent self-or